English 2 Unit 6: Phrasal verbs

Phrasal verbs
แปลจาก http://www.usingenglish.com/showdef.php?p=phrasal-verb.html

Phrasal verb ประกอบด้วยคำกริยาและคำบุพบท (preposition) หรือคำวิเศษณ์ (adverb) เมื่อใช้รวมกันแล้วความหมายของ phrasal verb นั้นจะแตกต่างไปจากเมื่อเป็นคำกริยาตัวเดียว เช่น 'give up' แปลว่าหยุดกระทำสิ่งใดสิ่งหนึ่ง ซึ่งความหมายต่างจาก 'give' มาก

Phrasal verbs แบ่งเป็น:
- Intransitive verbs กริยาที่ไม่ต้องการกรรม
กริยาเหล่านี้ไม่ต้องมีกรรมมาต่อท้าย
เช่น They had an argument, but they've made up now. (make up = คืนดีกัน) พวกเขาทะเลาะกัน แต่ตอนนี้คืนดีกันแล้ว

- Inseparable verbs กริยาที่ต้องการกรรม คำกริยากับบุพบทแยกกันไม่ได้
ต้องวางกรรมไว้หลังคำบุพบทเสมอ

เช่น They are looking after their grandchildren. (look after = ดูแล) พวกเขาดูแลหลานอยู่

- Separable verbs กริยาที่ต้องการกรรม คำกริยากับบุพบทแยกกันได้
วางกรรมไว้ระหว่างคำกริยากับคำบุพบท

เช่น The quality of their work sets them apart from their rivals. (set someone/something apart = ทำให้แตกต่าง) คุณภาพงานทำให้พวกเขาแตกต่างจากคู่แข่ง

กริยาที่ต้องการกรรม ซึ่งคำกริยากับบุพบทแยกกันได้นั้น บางตัวต้องวางกรรมไว้ระหว่างคำกริยากับคำบุพบทเท่านั้น แต่บางตัวก็วางกรรมไว้หลังคำบุพบทได้

แต่อย่าลืมว่า เมื่อใช้ pronoun (คำแทนคำนาม เช่น it, them) แล้ว ต้องวาง pronoun ไว้ระหว่างกริยากับบุพบทเท่านั้น (ห้ามเอาไว้หลังสุด)

Turn the TV off. (ปิดโทรทัศน์เสีย)
Turn off the TV.
Turn it off.

คำ phrasal verb ที่ใช้บ่อย Common Phrasal Verbs
แหล่งที่มา: http://www.englishclub.com/vocabulary/phrasal-verbs-list.htm

กลุ่มคำกิริยา phrasal verb มักจะมีสองคำ คือ กิริยา + บุพบท แต่ก็มีที่เป็นสามคำได้เหมือนกัน
Most phrasal verbs consist of two words, but a few consist of three words, which always stay together.

Verb		Meaning	Example
ask someone out		invite on a date ชวนออกเดท	Brian asked Judy out to dinner and a movie.
ask around		ask many people the same question ถามหลายคนด้วยคำถามเดียวกัน	I asked around but nobody has seen my wallet.
add up to something		equal เท่ากับ	Your purchases add up to $205.32.
back something up		reverse ถอย	You'll have to back up your car so that I can get out.
back someone up		support สนับสนุน	My wife backed me up over my decision to quit my job.
blow up		explode (ทำให้)ระเบิด	The racing car blew up after it crashed into the fence.
blow something up		add air เติมลม	We have to blow 50 balloons up for the party.
break down		stop functioning (vehicle, machine) เสีย	Our car broke down at the side of the highway in the snowstorm.
break down		get (very) upset เสียใจมาก	The woman broke down when the police told her that her son had died.
break something down		divide into smaller parts ทำให้หรือแยกให้กลายเป็นส่วนที่เล็กกว่าเดิม	Our teacher broke the final project down into three separate parts.
break in		force entry to a building เข้าข้างใน (บ้าน อาคาร) โดยไม่ได้รับอนุญาต	Somebody broke in last night and stole our stereo.
break into something		enter forcibly เข้าข้างใน (บ้าน อาคาร) โดยใช้กำลัง	The firemen had to break into the room to rescue the children.
break something in		wear something a few times so that it doesn't look/feel new ทำให้ดูไม่ใช่ของใหม่โดยการใส่	I need to break these shoes in before we run next week.
break in		interrupt ขัดจังหวะ	The TV station broke in to report the news of the president's death.
break up		end a relationship เลิกกัน	My boyfriend and I broke up before I moved to America.
break up		start laughing (informal) เริ่มหัวเราะ	The kids just broke up as soon as the clown started talking.
break out		escape หนี	The prisoners broke out of jail when the guards weren't looking.
break out in something		develop a skin condition (ผิวหนัง) มีอาการของโรค เช่น เป็นผื่น	I broke out in a rash after our camping trip.
bring someone down		make unhappy ทำให้รู้สึกแย่	This sad music is bringing me down.
bring someone up		raise a child เลี้ยง (เด็ก ลูก)	My grandparents brought me up after my parents died.
bring something up		start talking about a subject เริ่มพูดถึงเรื่องหนึ่งๆ	My mother walks out of the room when my father brings up sports.
bring something up		vomit อาเจียร	He drank so much that he brought his dinner up in the toilet.
call around		phone many different places/people โทรศัพท์ไปหลายๆที่ หรือ หาคนหลายๆคน	We called around but we weren't able to find the car part we needed.
call someone back		return a phone call โทรกลับ	I called the company back but the offices were closed for the weekend.
call something off		cancel ยกเลิก	Jason called the wedding off because he wasn't in love with his fiancé.
call on someone		ask for an answer or opinion เรียกตอบ/ขอความเห็น	The professor called on me for question 1.
call on someone		visit someone เยี่ยม	We called on you last night but you weren't home.
call someone up		phone โทรศัพท์หา	Give me your phone number and I will call you up when we are in town.
calm down		relax after being angry ใจเย็นลง	You are still mad. You need to calm down before you drive the car.
not care for someone/something		not like (formal) ไม่ชอบ	I don't care for his behaviour.
catch up		get to the same point as someone else ไปให้ทัน/เท่ากัน	You'll have to run faster than that if you want to catch up with Marty.
check in		arrive and register at a hotel or airport ลงชื่อเข้าพักในโรงแรม/รับตั๋วขึ้นเครื่องบิน	We will get the hotel keys when we check in.
check out		leave a hotel ลงชื่อออกจากโรงแรม	You have to check out of the hotel before 11:00 AM.
check someone/something out		look at carefully, investigate ตรวจสอบ	The company checks out all new employees.
check out someone/something		look at (informal) มองดู	Check out the crazy hair on that guy!
cheer up		become happier อารมณ์ดีขึ้น	She cheered up when she heard the good news.
cheer someone up		make happier ทำให้อารมณ์ดีขึ้น	I brought you some flowers to cheer you up.
chip in		help ช่วยเหลือ	If everyone chips in we can get the kitchen painted by noon.
clean something up		tidy, clean ทำให้เป็นระเบียบ/ทำความสะอาด	Please clean up your bedroom before you go outside.
come across something		find unexpectedly พบโดยบังเอิญ	I came across these old photos when I was tidying the closet.
come apart		separate แยกออกจากกัน	The top and bottom come apart if you pull hard enough.
come down with something		become sick ป่วยเป็นโรค...	My nephew came down with chicken pox this weekend.
come forward		volunteer for a task or to give evidence อาสาสมัคร/ให้หลักฐาน	The woman came forward with her husband's finger prints.
come from somewhere		originate in มาจาก	The art of origami comes from Asia.
count on someone/something		rely on ไว้ใจ/หวังพึ่ง	I am counting on you to make dinner while I am out.
cross something out		draw a line through ขีดฆ่า	Please cross out your old address and write your new one.
cut back on something		consume less กิหรือใช้ให้น้อยลง	My doctor wants me to cut back on sweets and fatty foods.
cut something down		make something fall to the ground ตัด/โค่น	We had to cut the old tree in our yard down after the storm.
cut in		interrupt ขัดจังหวะ	Your father cut in while I was dancing with your uncle.
cut in		pull in too closely in front of another vehicle ปาดหน้า	The bus driver got angry when that car cut in.
cut in		start operating (of an engine or electrical device) เริ่มทำงาน	The air conditioner cuts in when the temperature gets to 22°C.
cut something off		remove with something sharp ตัดออก	The doctors cut off his leg because it was severely injured.
cut something off		stop providing เลิกให้	The phone company cut off our phone because we didn't pay the bill.
cut someone off		take out of a will ตัดออกจากกองมรดก	My grandparents cut my father off when he remarried.
cut something out		remove part of something (usually with scissors and paper) ตัดออก	I cut this ad out of the newspaper.
do someone/something over		beat up, ransack (Br.E., informal) ซ้อม (อัดเละ)/บุกปล้นและรื้อค้นของ	He's lucky to be alive. His shop was done over by a street gang.
do something over		do again (N.Amer.) ทำใหม่	My teacher wants me to do my essay over because she doesn't like my topic.
do away with something		discard ทิ้ง	It's time to do away with all of these old tax records.
do something up		fasten, close ปิด/รูดซิปหรือติดกระดุมให้มิดชิด	Do your coat up before you go outside. It's snowing!
dress up		wear nice clothing แต่งตัวอย่างดี	It's a fancy restaurant so we have to dress up.
drop back		move back in a position/group ร่นถอยโดยตำแหน่ง	Andrea dropped back to third place when she fell off her bike.
drop in/by/over		come without an appointment ไปหาโดยไม่ได้นัดล่วงหน้า	I might drop in/by/over for tea some time this week.
drop someone/something off		take someone/something somewhere and leave them/it there นำสิ่งจองหรือคนไปส่งอีกที่หนึ่ง	I have to drop my sister off at work before I come over.
drop out		quit a class, school etc ถอนรายวิชา	I dropped out of Science because it was too difficult.
eat out		eat at a restaurant กินข้าวนอกบ้าน	I don't feel like cooking tonight. Let's eat out.
end up		eventually reach/do/decide ในที่สุดแล้วทำหรือตัดสินใจอย่างไร	We ended up renting a movie instead of going to the theatre.
fall apart		break into pieces แตก/เสีย	My new dress fell apart in the washing machine.
fall down		fall to the ground ตก	The picture that you hung up last night fell down this morning.
fall out		separate from an interior ตก/หล่นออกจากอีกสิ่งหนึ่ง	The money must have fallen out of my pocket.
fall out		(of hair, teeth) become loose and unattached ร่วง/หลุด	His hair started to fall out when he was only 35.
figure something out		understand, find the answer เข้าใจ/คิดหาคำตอบได้	I need to figure out how to fit the piano and the bookshelf in this room.
fill something in		to write information in blanks (Br.E.) กรอก	Please fill in the form with your name, address, and phone number.
fill something out		to write information in blanks (N.Amer.) กรอก	The form must be filled out in capital letters.
fill something up		fill to the top กรอก/ใส่จนเต็ม	I always fill the water jug up when it is empty.
find out		discover ค้นพบ	We don't know where he lives. How can we find out?
find something out		discover ค้นพบเรื่อง/ว่า	We tried to keep the time of the party a secret, but Samantha found it out.
get something across/over		communicate, make understandable บอกให้เข้าใจ/รู้	I tried to get my point across/over to the judge but she wouldn't listen.
get along/on		like each other เข้ากันได้	I was surprised how well my new girlfriend and my sister got along/on.
get around		have mobility ไปไหนมาไหน	My grandfather can get around fine in his new wheelchair.
get away		go on a vacation ไปเที่ยว	We worked so hard this year that we had to get away for a week.
get away with something		do without being noticed or punished ทำโดยไม่ถูกจับได้	Jason always gets away with cheating in his maths tests.
get back		return กลับ	We got back from our vacation last week.
get something back		receive something you had before ได้รับกลับคืน	Liz finally got her Science notes back from my room-mate.
get back at someone		retaliate, take revenge แก้แค้น	My sister got back at me for stealing her shoes. She stole my favourite hat.
get back into something		become interested in something again กลับไปสนใจ	I finally got back into my novel and finished it.
get on something		step onto a vehicle ขึ้น (+ ยานพาหนะขนาดใหญ่)	We're going to freeze out here if you don't let us get on the bus.
get over something		recover from an illness, loss, difficulty รู้สึกดีขึ้นหรือหายจากโรค	I just got over the flu and now my sister has it.
get over something		overcome a problem แก้ปัญหาได้	The company will have to close if it can't get over the new regulations.
get round to something		finally find time to do (N.Amer.: get around to something) ในที่สุดก็มีเวลาทำ	I don't know when I am going to get round to writing the thank you cards.
get together		meet (usually for social reasons) ไปพบกัน/ใช้เวลาด้วยกัน	Let's get together for a BBQ this weekend.
get up		get out of bed ลุกจากที่นอน	I got up early today to study for my exam.
get up		stand ลุกขึ้น	You should get up and give the elderly man your seat.
give someone away		reveal hidden information about someone บอกความลับ	His wife gave him away to the police.
give someone away		take the bride to the altar พาเจ้าสาวส่งให้เจ้าบ่าวในงานแต่งงาน	My father gave me away at my wedding.
give something away		ruin a secret เปิดเผยความลับ	My little sister gave the surprise party away by accident.
give something away		give something to someone for free ให้ฟรี	The library was giving away old books on Friday.
give something back		return a borrowed item ให้คืน	I have to give these skates back to Franz before his hockey game.
give in		reluctantly stop fighting or arguing ยอม (อย่างไม่เต็มใจ)	My boyfriend didn't want to go to the ballet, but he finally gave in.
give something out		give to many people (usually at no cost) แจก	They were giving out free perfume samples at the department store.
give something up		quit a habit เลิก	I am giving up smoking as of January 1st.
give up		stop trying ยอมแพ้	My maths homework was too difficult so I gave up.
go after someone		follow someone ตาม	My brother tried to go after the thief in his car.
go after something		try to achieve something พยายามทำให้ได้	I went after my dream and now I am a published writer.
go against someone		compete, oppose แข่งกับ	We are going against the best soccer team in the city tonight.
go ahead		start, proceed เริ่มทำ	Please go ahead and eat before the food gets cold.
go back		return to a place กลับ	I have to go back home and get my lunch.
go out		leave home to go on a social event ไปเที่ยว	We're going out for dinner tonight.
go out with someone		date ออกเดท	Jesse has been going out with Luke since they met last winter.
go over something		review ทบทวน	Please go over your answers before you submit your test.
go over		visit someone nearby ไปหา	I haven't seen Tina for a long time. I think I'll go over for an hour or two.
go without something		suffer lack or deprivation ไม่มี ขาดแคลน	When I was young, we went without winter boots.
grow apart		stop being friends over time ห่างกันไป	My best friend and I grew apart after she changed schools.
grow back		regrow กลับมาโตใหม่	My roses grew back this summer.
grow up		become an adult โตขึ้น	When Jack grows up he wants to be a fireman.
grow out of something		get too big for มีขนาดใหญ่กว่า	Elizabeth needs a new pair of shoes because she has grown out of her old ones.
grow into something		grow big enough to fit มีขนาดใหญ่จนเท่า	This bike is too big for him now, but he should grow into it by next year.
hand something down		give something used to someone else ให้ของที่ใช้แล้ว	I handed my old comic books down to my little cousin.
hand something in		submit ส่ง(งาน การบ้าน ฯลฯ)	I have to hand in my essay by Friday.
hand something out		to distribute to a group of people แจก	We will hand out the invitations at the door.
hand something over		give (usually unwillingly) ส่งให้โดยไม่เต็มใจ	The police asked the man to hand over his wallet and his weapons.
hang in		stay positive (N.Amer., informal) อดทน	Hang in there. I'm sure you'll find a job very soon.
hang on		wait a short time (informal) รอ	Hang on while I grab my coat and shoes!
hang out		spend time relaxing (informal) ใช้เวลาอยู่กับ	Instead of going to the party we are just going to hang out at my place.
hang up		end a phone call วางสาย	He didn't say goodbye before he hung up.
hold someone/something back		prevent from doing/going ห้าม/ป้องกันไม่ให้ทำ	I had to hold my dog back because there was a cat in the park.
hold something back		hide an emotion เก็บซ่อนความรู้สึก	Jamie held back his tears at his grandfather's funeral.
hold on		wait a short time รอ	Please hold on while I transfer you to the Sales Department.
hold onto someone/something		hold firmly using your hands or arms จับ/เกาะแน่น	Hold onto your hat because it's very windy outside.
hold someone/somethingup		rob ปล้น	A man in a black mask held the bank up this morning.
keep on doing something		continue doing ทำต่อไป	Keep on stirring until the liquid comes to a boil.
keep something from someone		not tell ไม่บอก	We kept our relationship from our parents for two years.
keep someone/something out		stop from entering ไม่ให้เข้า	Try to keep the wet dog out of the living room.
keep something up		continue at the same rate ทำเหมือนเดิม/เท่าเดิม	If you keep those results up you will get into a great college.
let someone down		fail to support or help, disappoint ไม่ช่วย ทำให้ผิดหวัง	I need you to be on time. Don't let me down this time.
let someone in		allow to enter ให้เข้า	Can you let the cat in before you go to school?
look after someone/something		take care of ดูแล	I have to look after my sick grandmother.
look down on someone		think less of, consider inferior ดูถูก	Ever since we stole that chocolate bar your dad has looked down on me.
look for someone/something		try to find หา	I'm looking for a red dress for the wedding.
look forward to something		be excited about the future ตื่นเต้น ตั้งใจรอคอยให้เกิดขึ้น	I'm looking forward to the Christmas break.
look into something		investigate ตรวจ สำรวจ	We are going to look into the price of snowboards today.
look out		be careful, vigilant, and take notice ระวัง	Look out! That car's going to hit you!
look out for someone/something		be especially vigilant for คอยระวัง	Don't forget to look out for snakes on the hiking trail.
look something over		check, examine เช็ค ตรวจ	Can you look over my essay for spelling mistakes?
look something up		search and find information in a reference book or database หาความหมายหรือคำอธิบาย	We can look her phone number up on the Internet.
look up to someone		have a lot of respect for เคารพนับถือ	My little sister has always looked up to me.
make something up		invent, lie about something คิด/แต่งขึ้นเอง โกหก	Josie made up a story about about why we were late.
make up		forgive each other ดีกัน	We were angry last night, but we made up at breakfast.
make someone up		apply cosmetics to แต่งหน้าให้	My sisters made me up for my graduation party.
mix something up		confuse two or more things เอาสองอย่างปนกัน	I mixed up the twins' names again!
pass away		die เสียชีวิต	His uncle passed away last night after a long illness.
pass out		faint สลบ เป็นลม	It was so hot in the church that an elderly lady passed out.
pass something out		give the same thing to many people แจกจ่ายออกไป	The professor passed the textbooks out before class.
pass something up		decline (usually something good) ปฏิเสธ (สิ่งที่ไม่น่าปฏิเสธ)	I passed up the job because I am afraid of change.
pay someone back		return owed money จ่ายเงินคืน	Thanks for buying my ticket. I'll pay you back on Friday.
pay for something		be punished for doing something bad ได้รับการลงโทษสำหรับสิ่งไม่ดีที่ทำไว้	That bully will pay for being mean to my little brother.
pick something out		choose เลือก	I picked out three sweaters for you to try on.
point someone/something out		indicate with your finger ชี้ให้เห็น	I'll point my boyfriend out when he runs by.
put something down		put what you are holding on a surface or floor วางลง	You can put the groceries down on the kitchen counter.
put someone down		insult, make someone feel stupid ทำให้รู้สึกแย่	The students put the substitute teacher down because his pants were too short.
put something off		postpone เลื่อนไป	We are putting off our trip until January because of the hurricane.
put something out		extinguish ดับ	The neighbours put the fire out before the firemen arrived.
put something together		assemble ประกอบ	I have to put the crib together before the baby arrives.
put up with someone/something		tolerate ทน	I don't think I can put up with three small children in the car.
put something on		put clothing/accessories on your body สวมใส่	Don't forget to put on your new earrings for the party.
run into someone/something		meet unexpectedly บังเอิญพบ	I ran into an old school-friend at the mall.
run over someone/something		drive a vehicle over a person or thing ขับรถทับ	I accidentally ran over your bicycle in the driveway.
run over/through something		rehearse, review ทบทวน	Let's run over/through these lines one more time before the show.
run away		leave unexpectedly, escape หนี	The child ran away from home and has been missing for three days.
run out		have none left หมด	We ran out of shampoo so I had to wash my hair with soap.
send something back		return (usually by mail) ส่งกลัับ	My letter got sent back to me because I used the wrong stamp.
set something up		arrange, organize ตั้ง จัด	Our boss set a meeting up with the president of the company.
set someone up		trick, trap หลอก	The police set up the car thief by using a hidden camera.
shop around		compare prices เปรียบเทียบราคา	I want to shop around a little before I decide on these boots.
show off		act extra special for people watching (usually boastfully) อวด	He always shows off on his skateboard
sleep over		stay somewhere for the night (informal) ไปนอนค้าง	You should sleep over tonight if the weather is too bad to drive home.
sort something out		organize, resolve a problem จัด แก้ปัญหา	We need to sort the bills out before the first of the month.
stick to something		continue doing something, limit yourself to one particular thing ยังคงทำสิ่งเดิม/สิ่งใดสิ่งหนึ่งไม่เปลี่ยน	You will lose weight if you stick to the diet.
switch something off		stop the energy flow, turn off ปิด	The light's too bright. Could you switch it off.
switch something on		start the energy flow, turn on เปิด	We heard the news as soon as we switched on the car radio.
take after someone		resemble a family member หน้าเหมือน (คนในครอบครัว)	I take after my mother. We are both impatient.
take something apart		purposely break into pieces ทำให้แตก/แยกออกจากกัน	He took the car brakes apart and found the problem.
take something back		return an item นำกลับไปคืน	I have to take our new TV back because it doesn't work.
take off		start to fly (เครื่อง)บินขึ้น	My plane takes off in five minutes.
take something off		remove something (usually clothing) ถอด	Take off your socks and shoes and come in the lake!
take something out		remove from a place or thing เอาออก	Can you take the garbage out to the street for me?
take someone out		pay for someone to go somewhere with you พาไปเที่ยว	My grandparents took us out for dinner and a movie.
tear something up		rip into pieces ฉีกเป็นชิ้นเล็กชิ้นน้อย	I tore up my ex-boyfriend's letters and gave them back to him.
think back		remember (often + to, sometimes + on) คิดไปถึง	When I think back on my youth, I wish I had studied harder.
think something over		consider พิจารณา	I'll have to think this job offer over before I make my final decision.
throw something away		dispose of โยนทิ้ง	We threw our old furniture away when we won the lottery.
turn something down		decrease the volume or strength (heat, light etc) หรี่	Please turn the TV down while the guests are here.
turn something down		refuse ปฏิเสธ	I turned the job down because I don't want to move.
turn something off		stop the energy flow, switch off ปิด	Your mother wants you to turn the TV off and come for dinner.
turn something on		start the energy, switch on เปิด	It's too dark in here. Let's turn some lights on.
turn something up		increase the volume or strength (heat, light etc) เร่งให้ดัง/แรงขึ้น	Can you turn the music up? This is my favourite song.
turn up		appear suddenly ปรากฏ โผล่มา	Our cat turned up after we put posters up all over the neighbourhood.
try something on		sample clothing ลองเสื้อผ้า	I'm going to try these jeans on, but I don't think they will fit.
try something out		test ลองใช้	I am going to try this new brand of detergent out.
use something up		finish the supply ใช้หมด	The kids used all of the toothpaste up so we need to buy some more.
wake up		stop sleeping ตื่น	We have to wake up early for work on Monday.
warm someone/something up		increase the temperature อุ่น	You can warm your feet up in front of the fireplace.
warm up		prepare body for exercise อบอุ่นร่างกาย	I always warm up by doing sit-ups before I go for a run.
wear off		fade away จาง	Most of my make-up wore off before I got to the party.
work out		exercise ออกกำลังกาย	I work out at the gym three times a week.
work out		be successful สำเร็จ	Our plan worked out fine.
work something out		make a calculation คำนวน	We have to work out the total cost before we buy the house.

Br.E.: British English; N.Amer.: North American